Padrões alimentares de equipe de enfermagem de um hospital público do Rio de Janeiro

Abstract

Introduction: The dietary and consumption pattern have been suffering changes over the years and have been following economic, social and demographic transformations in a global scale. Therefore, health and disease profiles of the populations also follow these changes. Dietary pattern has been used because it represents a general picture of food and nutrient consumption, being characterized based on the usual dietary habit. Objective: Analyze the dietary pattern of a nursing team from a public hospital in Rio de Janeiro. Method: The current research, of sectional drawing, was done with the nursing team, both sexes, with age-group between 24 and 69 years old, from a public hospital in Rio de Janeiro. The size of the sample considered the prevalence for the dietary pattern of 50%, with sampling error of 5% and confidence level of 95%, not including increase for losses and refusals, resulting in 330 participants. A total of 309 interviews were performed, 14 (4,2%) refused to participate and 07 (2,1%) were not found, 12 from morning shift and 9 from night shift. The reminder of twenty four hours (R24h) was applied to register the dietary consumption, by trained nutritionists, in two not consecutive days, excluding weekends, considered unusual day. The food and preparations registered in the R24h were classified, using the parameters from the Measurement Table for Food consumed in Brazil. The total food and preparations coded summed 459 foods, these were recoded and gathered in 24 dietary groups based on nutritional characteristics, which were submitted to the program Multiple Source Method (MSM) to calculate the mitigated average. To identify the dietary patterns, it was applied the factor analysis method in the techniques Principal Component Analysis and Common Factors Analysis follow by the orthogonal rotation (varimax), which fit to examine the exploratory factorial structure (pattern). The Kaiser-Mayer-Olikin coefficient and the Bartlett test were applied to measure the quality of correlations between the dietary groups. The number of factors to be extracted was defined according to the Cattel graphic test (screen plot) and parallel analysis. The metric quality of the survey was measured by the Cronbach Alpha internal consistency method, considering values above 0.60. The factorial loads above the absolute value of 0.30. After the factorial analysis by the ACP and AFC, the names to be assigned the patterns were according to dietary groups assumed in literature. Results: The sample was composed by 85.8% of female individuals, the age-group between 51 and 60 years old had 29.4% and considered between 61 and 69, 6.5%. The majority declared to be married (60%), The percentage was similar between those who finished high school and postgraduate, respectively 35.3% and 34%. From these, 49.5% are nursing technicians and 33% are nurses. The majority reported to never smoke (74.4%). The distribution in lower liquid income group was 1.3%, receiving between R$ 901,00 and 1800,00, and the highest was 17.8%, being the income between R$ 5.401,00 and 7.200,00. The nutritional status pointed that 63.8% of nursing professionals are overweight. The Kaiser-Meyer-Olkin adequacy test was 0.52 and the Bartlett s sphericity test (p < 0.00), pointing as suitable for execution of the factorial analysis. The Cattel graphic test (p < 0.00) indicated 3 factors retained. The commonality varied between 0.41 and 0.76. In the Principal Compontes Analysis the traditional pattern include rice (0.754), bean (0.675) and meat (0.604); healthy pattern: cereal vegetables (0,401), vegetables (0.492), fruits (0.431) and fish (0,312) and the snack pattern: sugar (0,654), bread (0,501), cake (0,375), olive and vegetable oil (0,349), non-alcoholic beverage (0.676). Cronbach Alpha for patterns varied between 0.47 e 0.60 referring to the internal consistency of factors. Conclusion: This study derived a similarity of dietary patterns found in Brazilian literature, being more expressive the traditional pattern referring to food consumed by Brazilian population as rice and bean. However, the presence of processed food points to changes in dietary habits