Imagem corporal e sua relação com o consumo alimentar segundo a classificação NOVA: resultados do Estudo Pró-Saúde

Abstract

This objective is evaluate the relationship between (dis)satisfaction and perception with body image and the consumption of in natura foods, minimally processed and culinary preparations, processed foods and ultra-processed foods. Data from 501 participants from Phase 4 of the Pro-Health Study, a cohort of technical-administrative employees from a university in the state of Rio de Janeiro, were used. To evaluate the body image were used scales of 15 silhouettes, obtaining a silhouette and perceived silhouette desired. Weight and height measured were used to calculate the body mass index of the individuals (real silhouette). The (dis)satisfaction was evaluated by the difference between perceived silhouette and desired silhouette, and for perception, it was considered a perceived and real silhouette. Differences equal to zero rated the individual as satisfied/undistorted, less than zero as dissatisfied with thinness/underestimation of body size, and more than zero dissatisfied with excess weight/overestimation of body size. Food consumption was evaluated by semiquantitative Food Frequency Questionnaire (FFQ), containing 82 foods or a food group. The frequency of consumption was transformed into daily frequency and, after being associated with the quantity of the portion, the energy value of each food item was calculated. These were categorized according to the NOVA classification in the following groups: in natura, minimally processed foods and culinary preparations; processed foods and ultra- processed foods. Body image and food intake were presented by proportion and their 95% confidence intervals (95% CI). The association between (dis)satisfaction and perception (exposure) and the three groups of NOVA (outcome) was assessed using multiple and gross linear regression models (adjusted for sociodemographic and BMC variables) with their 95% CI, stratified by sex. Among women, 7% were satisfied, 7% were dissatisfied with thinness and 86% were excess weight, and 9% were not distorted, 9% underestimated body size and 82% overestimated. Of the men, 15% were satisfied, 11% were dissatisfied with thinness and 74% were excess weight, and 15% were not distorted, 26% underestimated body size and 59% overestimated. Women dissatisfied with excess weight presented lower intakes of in natura, minimally processed foods and culinary preparations (-7,9 CI 95%: -13,7; -2,1) and higher consumption of ultra-processed foods (5,9 CI 95%: 1,0; 10,9), when compared satisfied. For men, there was a higher consumption of processed foods among those who were dissatisfied with thinness (3,8 CI 95%: 0,7; 6,9), and the lowest of in natura, minimally processed foods and culinary preparations among those who overestimated their body size (-4,3 CI 95%: -8,3; -0,2) compared to satisfied/undistorted. The (in) satisfaction and perception of body image are associated with food consumption, signaling that women with a dissatisfaction of excess weight and man that overestimated their body size have less healthy eating habits