Análise da eficiência técnica das prestadoras brasileiras de saneamento

Abstract

The provision of tretaed water and sanitation services are fundamental to health and the environment and, consequently, for the welfare of the population. For this, Brazil has a new regulatory framework established by the Federal Law No. 11,445, 2007 - National Sanitation Law (LNSB). Despite the near universality of water services in urban areas, the other services still have insufficient provision levels. This study then measures the technical efficiency of the sector, in particular by analyzing the effect of LNSB, specifying the nature of capital (public and private) and territorial coverage (regional or local). To carry this on, it applies the DEA method (Data Envelopment Analysis) using the jackstrap techniques to detect outliers and bootstrap ones to correct the bias and generate confidence intervals, in order to calculate robust scores of technical efficiencies. The data used come from the National Sanitation Information System (SNIS) between the years 2006 and 2013. The Malmquist Index in conjunction with the bootstrap was used for the dynamic analysis. The comparisons between different groups were, despite the difficulties, supported by the Border Uniqueness Test. As a result of static analysis, we found low scores, which allows great scope for productivity improvements, and we see that regional providers are more efficient than local, as well as public providers are more efficient than private ones. The analysis of the scale efficiency indicates that regional providers must reduce size to approach the optimal scale levels. As a result of dynamic analysis, it is shown that regional providers had greater improvements than local, and there was no difference between public and private providers. Finally, perhaps the short implementation period of LNSB, no relationship was observed between presence of regulatory agencies and increased technical efficiency.