Estudo e Implementação de um Sistema Customizável para Controle Laboratorial para o Processo de Tipificação HLA

Abstract

Technology s development has brought major changes in all sectors of society. As for the medical field, evolution over the last 100 years has made man rethink the limits of his own body. In this period humanity moved from the discovery of blood groups, to the execution of robotic surgeries, passing through important milestones such as the discovery of most diverse vaccines, for example. A major highlight was the success achieved in organ and tissue transplants. There were many failures, but in the trajectory to the first successful transplant, key discoveries were made: (i) ho to determine genetic compatibility between donor and organ recipient and (ii) the importance of the immune system in this process. Transplant rejection occurs in cases where the imune system identifies the transplanted organ as a foreign body. Studies have shown that all species have a genetic grouping of the DNA responsible for the immune system. In humans, this grouping is called HLA and it has also been observed that a favorable compatibility between donor / recipient of this grouping considerably reduces the chance of rejection. Laboratory tests were developed to identify this grouping and one of them is HLA typing. These evaluations need to be performed by specialized laboratories and in this context the Laboratory of Histocompatibility and Cryopreservation of the University of the State of Rio de Janeiro (HLA-UERJ) has a prominent position in the sector. The process as a whole is complex and extensive, involving diverse teams and sectors of the laboratory, with an intense exchange of information. Data processing is extremely important and requires strict control to ensure the traceability and reliability of results. Automation of parts of the laboratory process is very common these days and integration of the whole process is usually done by laboratory software. HLA-UERJ does not have such a system, and exchange of information is done manually by forms or through small computational solutions developed locally. This work presents a detailed study of the process and an implementation of a control system, customizable, open source for the laboratory with the main objectives of minimizing operational risks and providing greater capacity for analysis and traceability of the generated data.