Amamentação como valor humano, prática feminina e direito social: contribuição crítica à política pública sustentada no referencial de justiça de Amartya Sen.

Abstract

Breastfeeding is a human practice recognized as a social right, and as such is a right for all to be guaranteed by the state. Despite this understanding in this legal framework, such as the Federal Constitution and the Statute of Children and Adolescents there are still many women and children deprived of that right because of organizational structures present in social facilities, public and private, they should contemplate the feminine condition and protect the free exercise of breastfeeding and do not. This study investigated the practice of breastfeeding women living in the metropolitan region I (Baixada Fluminense), State of Rio de Janeiro in its social, political and economic context. The study was based on the concept of deprivation (exclusion and unfair inclusion) of Amartya Sen's theory of justice used the qualitative research, focus group as data collection technique and hermeneutics-dialectics as method of analysis. The field stage was conducted in three municipalities in the study area and the whole shape conducted five focus groups. The study subjects were 29 women aged between 17 and 49 years living in the region and experienced breastfeeding capable of some kind of rights deprivation. As a result of the study were built two categories: 1. Institutions and inequalities: experience of women who breastfeed, and 2. Positionality and agent for: breastfeeding as a feminine practice. The first category engaged in describing the right as shown in the concrete reality of women who breastfeed; the second category reflects about the place that women occupy affecting your agent status. The choice of Amartya Sen as theoretical to understand the practice of breastfeeding women who experience hardship is identification it is a theory of justice that some of the shocking injustices and not theorizing about the economy and political systems. People being the focus of attention, the author is interested in eliminating or minimizing the effects of the injustices experienced by people and that both affect development. There is no way to get justice without talking about just institutions, since the extension of freedoms as the foundation of justice requires equally the expansion of opportunities and this issue, public policies have an important contribution to make to the realization of rights and reduction of inequalities. It is therefore to the different social actors confront inequities through greater political and social participation in an agency perspective which seeks to transform the collective and the collective, not just the well-being perspective, patient of the benefits of social programs