Vulnerabilidade na gravidez em adolescentes: divergências entre o estatuto da criança e do adolescente (eca) e a práxis do cuidar.

Abstract

The Statute of the Child and Adolescent was approached in this study as the policy to protect and promote the rights of the population in this age group, especially in the condition of vulnerability to being pregnant, overcoming the complexities of development of adolescence with the gestation phase of a new being. The adolescent population in the country still has not guaranteed the social recognition as a subject of law, having, therefore, restrictions of accessibility needs, with greater relevance in the areas of health and education, where levels of school dropout and pregnancy are still high despite the fall in the fertility rate in recent years. Despite the deliberations of the ECA, assistance in the pre, post, and postnatal periods in an interdisciplinary way is not effective and effective in the institutions linked to the health programs dispensed to the population, where the specificities of adolescence mix with the characteristics of the other adult pregnant women, making it difficult to monitor the developmental conditions of the group. Thus, the study opted to establish a dialogue between the welfare praxis and the public policy, aiming at reflecting on the relationship of the Statute of the Child and the Adolescent, in its protective character aimed at the pregnancy from the assistance praxis seeking the compatibility between the ECA's recommendations and assistance. The assumption was that the failure to comply with the preventive, promotive and protective nature of the differentiated care policy advocated by the ECA to the adolescent pregnant women, amplifies their condition of vulnerability in the phenomenon of pregnancy. The relevance of the study stands out in the academic and assistance character in order to return the look to the formation of qualified professionals to face the dilemmas that have arisen in order to contribute with the acquisition of the necessary knowledge for a respectful and quality accompaniment through principles such as completeness, vulnerability and equity in health, education and social assistance, providing support to adolescents. The study was developed from the Integrative Literature Review, the data being treated by the content analysis of Bardin, emerging categories that supported the discussion of the data. It can be concluded that despite the efforts made in the objectification of public policies, there is still a diversity of issues to be addressed in the political field in order to optimize proposals for globalized assistance to social actors involved in the process of teenage pregnancy, professionals, in the awareness of society, in the participation of families or in the social commitment to be adopted by the managers and rulers in the process of formulation, monitoring, evaluation and reorganization of the strategies to be adopted, in order to minimize negative repercussions in society and legitimize the rights guaranteed to the adolescent and her child by the legislation