Impacto da natação materna na prole de pai obeso: estudo experimental

Abstract

Parental lifestyle and nutrition can program offspring metabolism and obesity in later life. We investigated whether maternal activity during pregnancy can modify the adverse liver effects on offspring caused by the obese father. Four-week-old C57BL/ 6 mice were fed either a high-fat diet (obese parent, ObFa) or a control diet (control parent, CFa), while females were fed a control diet. At 12 weeks of age, the animals were mated, mothers were trained (TM) or untrained (NTM): swimming for six weeks before and two weeks during pregnancy. The pups were fed a control diet after weaning until sacrifice; they were named according to the exercise of father and mother. The final body mass (BM) was 20% higher in ObFa than in CFa. Offspring at 12 weeks of age had: a) body fat gain and altered adiposity in males, b) high fasting blood glucose and high insulin level in ObFa / NTMo, but low in ObFa / TMo, c) marked liver steatosis in ObFa / NTMo vs. CFa / NTMo and ObFa / TMo vs. CFa / TMo, but less liver steatosis in ObFa / TMo vs. ObFa / NTMo, d) increased lipogenesis and reduced beta-oxidation in ObFa / NTMo vs. CFa / NTMo, but the opposite in ObFa / TMo vs. ObFa / NTMo, e) high liver inflammation in ObFa / NTMo vs. CFa / NTMo, but low inflammation in ObFa / TMo vs. ObFa / NTMo. The obese father programmed increased adiposity and altered metabolism (glucose and insulin sensitivity) in the offspring. In addition, the obese father increased lipogenesis and liver inflammation with decreased beta-oxidation and thus hepatic steatosis in the progeny. The active mother during pregnancy (swimming) can alleviate these adverse effects on the offspring of mice.