Dietas ricas em gordura, frutose e sacarose: alterações no fígado

Abstract

Habits unsuitable lifestyle, exacerbated by consumption of diets rich in fat and sugars (sucrose and fructose) are positively correlated with the development of obesity, insulin resistance (IR) and nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD). The study aimed to evaluate the magnitude of the effects of chronic administration of diets rich in fat and/or fructose, and also compare the effects of sugars alone (fructose and sucrose) in the biochemical changes, the inflammatory profile, and the morphological and functional responses the protein and gene expression of transcription factors involved in lipogenesis, beta-oxidation, gluconeogenesis and oxidative stress in the liver. Male C57BL / 6 mice were divided into two experiments: 1) Diet control/standard chow (SC), high fat diet (HF - 42%), high-fructose diet (HFr - 34%) and high fat + high fructose diet (HFHFr - 42% fat + 34% fructose) for 16 weeks; 2) Diet control/standard chow (SC), high-fructose diet (HFru - 50%) and high sucrose diet (HSu - 50%) for 15 weeks. At the end of the experiments were observed: 1) There was no difference in body mass between HFr and SC groups, only weight gain was observed in the HF group and HFHFr. There was also an increase in total cholesterol, plasma and hepatic triglycerides and IR in HF, HFr, HFHFr groups. In the liver, NAFLD was observed with increased expression of SREBP-1c, PPAR-γ and PPAR-α reduction. The gluconeogenesis mediated by GLUT-2 and PEPCK was also increased in HF, HFr and HFHFr groups compared to SC. Areas of necroinflammation were also observed in HFr and HFHFr; 2) There was no difference in body mass between the SC, HFru and HSu groups. However, there was an increase in total cholesterol, plasma and hepatic triglycerides, IR, adipokines (IL-6, resistin, leptin and MCP-1), and decreased of adiponectin. In the liver, abundant NAFLD with prevalence of protein and gene expression of SREBP-1c, PPAR-γ and PPAR-α reduction; and antioxidant imbalance with reduction of SOD, catalase and GRx in HFru and HSu groups when compared to SC. There was no difference in GPx between the three groups. Further increase in protein expression of G6Pase, PEPCK and GLUT-2, involved in hepatic gluconeogenesis in HFru and HSu groups was noted. Inflammatory infiltrate characteristic of transition NAFLD-NASH were also observed. The results indicate that, regardless of the increase in body mass, chronic administration of diets rich in fructose and sucrose have similar effects to those observed with the consumption of high-fat diet. It seems that IR and NAFLD are the forerunners of these changes