Transplante de células de medula óssea (BMCs) de camundongos em modelo experimental para o desenvolvimento de aterosclerose: aspectos estruturais, ultraestrutuais e moleculares da aorta

Abstract

Stem cells are characterized by their ability to differentiate into multiple cell lineages and display the paracrine effect. The aim of this work was to evaluate the effect of therapy with bone marrow cells (BMCs) on blood glucose, lipid metabolism and aortic wall remodeling in mice through the administration of a high fat diet and subsequent BMCs transplantation. C57BL/6 mice were fed a control diet (CO group) or an atherogenic diet (AT group). After 16 weeks, the AT group was divided into four groups: an AT 14 days group and AT 21 days group, that were given an injection of vehicle and sacrificed at 14 and 21 days after, respectively; AT-BMC 14 days group and AT-BMC 21 days group that was given an injection of BMCs and sacrificed at 14 and 21 days after. The CO group was sacrificed along with other groups. The BMCs transplant had reduced blood glucose, triglycerides and total cholesterol. There was no significant difference in relation to body mass between the transplanted groups and non-transplanted groups, with all are different to CO group. There was no significant difference in the glycemic curve between AT 14 days group, AT-BMC 14 days group and AT 21 days group and these are different to CO and the AT-BMC 21 days group. The Qa (1 / mm2) was quantitatively reduced in the AT 14 days group and AT 21 days group when compared to the CO group. This Qa proved high in AT-BMC 21 days BMC compared to all groups. The increased thickness of the aortic wall was observed in all atherogenic groups, but was significantly smaller in group AT-BMC 21 days compared to AT 14 days group and AT 21 days group. The percentage of elastic fibers was significantly higher in the AT 21 days group when compared to the CO and AT-BMC 21 days. There was no significant difference between the CO and AT-BMC 21 days. Vacuoles in the media tunic, delamination and the thinning of the elastic lamellae were observed in AT 14 days group and AT 21 days group. The smallest number of these apresentation were displayed on the AT-BMC 14 days group and and AT-BMC 21 days. The immunostaining for α-SMA and VEGF showed lower in AT-BMC 14 days group and AT-BMC 21 days group. The markup for PCNA appears to be greater in the AT-BMC 21 days group. Marking to CD105, CD133 and CD68 were observed in AT 14 days group and AT 21 days group. These markings were not observed in AT-BMC 14 days group and AT-BMC 21 days group. In electron micrographs observed the beneficial remodeling in AT-BMC 14 day group and AT-BMC 21 days, with the structural organization was similar to the CO group. Vesicles of pinocytosis, projection of smooth muscle cell and delamination of the internal elastic lamina are seen in groups AT 14 days group and AT 21 days group. Endothelial cell preserved, regular and continuous contour in internal elastic lamelae is observed in the CO group, AT-BMC 14 days group and AT-BMC 21 days group. In conclusion, our results support the concept that an atherosclerotic model using mice and atherogenic diet, the injection of BMCs improve glucose, lipid metabolism and causes a beneficial remodeling of the aortic wall.