Efeitos transgeracionais da restrição materna de vitamina D em camundongos: rim e metabolismo da glicose

Abstract

Vitamin D is also related to glucose metabolism and development. Female swiss mice (F0) were fed two diets: SC (standard diet) or VitD- (diet without vitamin D). The male offspring were studied at ages: birth, 10 days, weaning and six months in F1 and F2 generations. We evaluated the biometrics [body mass (BM), naso anal-length (NAL) and Blood Pressure (BP)], 24-hour urine and Oral Glucose Tolerance Test (OGTT). During euthanasia, blood was collected for biochemical analysis and the tissues were removed for stereological, morphometric and Western blotting (WB) analysis. No difference in BM was seen at birth and at weaning. Although, F2-VitD- offspring was greater than F2-SC (P=0.03) at weaning. At six months, both groups VitD- had higher BM than their controls (P<0.05). In addition, BP was increased in offspring VitD-, being more prominent in F1-VitD and this change was followed by hepatic steatosis (+99%), pancreatic islet hypertrophy (+40%) and elevated triglyceride (P<0.01). Further, the WB showed, in liver, high expression of FAS (+18%, P<0.01) in group with steatosis. Interestingly, although the BM in F2-VitD- has increased, only total cholesterol was altered (P<0.05). In nephrogenesis, there was 50% more immature glomeruli in F1-VitD- than F1-SC (P<0.0001). However, in F2 there was an increase by 20% (P<0.001). Already at 10 days, the group F1-VitD- had 150% more immature glomeruli and 25% more mature glomeruli than F1-SC (P<0.0001). WB analysis showed that F1-VitD- offspring had higher expression of renin, at weaning and six months, while podocin expression was reduced (P=0.0004). Although, no difference was seen on WT1 expression. The maternal vitamin D restriction alters the morphology of pancreas and liver, alters insulin resistance and the renal expression of important factor, as well as delayed glomerular maturation and extends the nephrogenesis period, principally in the F1 generation.