Dieta materna hipersódica e alterações renais na prole de camundongos

Abstract

The increased prevalence of systemic arterial hypertension in Western societies is associated with the high levels of salt consumption. Beginning eight weeks before pregnancy, female mice received a diet containing either 0,25% sodium chloride (NaCl) - (standard chow, SC) or 4% NaCl (high-salt, HS). Females were mated with male mice fed a SC diet. Their offspring were analyzed at three different ages: at birth, at day 10, and at three months. After eight weeks on these diets, before mating, HS dams exhibited higher glycemia, higher corticosterone levels, and higher blood pressure (BP) than the SC dams. At birth, neonatal mortality was higher in the offspring of HS dams than in those from SC dams. At 3 months of age, HS offspring exhibited higher glycemia and higher BP, larger and fewer glomeruli, and a greater number of sclerotic glomeruli than SC offspring. They also exhibited lower creatinine clearance, lower blood urea nitrogen clearance, lower glomerular filtration rate, higher fractional excretion of sodium, potassium, and urea than SC offspring. Proteinuria was higher in HS offspring than in SC offspring (P=0.04). In the kidney of offspring, the protein expression of renin was significantly higher in HS than in SC offspring, and Ang II was higher in HS than in SC offspring at 10 days of age. AT1R levels were higher and AT2R levels lower in HS than in SC offspring. Gene Wilms tumor 1 (WT1) and podocin were lower in HS than in SC offspring. In summary, the exposure of offspring to a maternal diet with high salt content results in a glomerular hypertrophy, sclerosis, and low glomeruli number with consequent hypertension and produces a shift in the renal expression of WT1, podocin, and RAS at maturity. Therefore, the renal function of these offspring deteriorates more quickly than in the offspring of mothers fed a normal diet.