Benefícios do treinamento intervalado de alta intensidade (natação) na obesidade (estudo experimental)

Abstract

Controlling obesity and other comorbidities in the population is a challenge in modern society. The aim of this study is to assess the impact of high-intensity interval training (HIIT) in the context of diet-induced obesity in animal model. C57BL/6 mice were fed one of two diets: standard chow (Lean group - LE) or a high-fat diet (Obese group OB). After twelve weeks, the animals were divided into non-trained groups (LE-NT and OB-NT) and trained groups (LE-T and OB-T), and began an exercise protocol. High-intensity interval training leads to significant decreases in body mass, glycaemia and oral glucose tolerance, total cholesterol, triglycerides, low-density lipoprotein cholesterol, aspartate transaminase and alanine aminotransferase in the liver in the trained groups compared to the non-trained groups. Additionally in the trained groups, the exercise protocol improves the insulin immunodensity in the islets, reduces inflammatory cytokine levels, the adiposity and the hepatic steatosis. HIIT improves beta-oxidation and peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor (PPAR)-alpha and reduces lipogenesis and PPAR-gamma levels in the liver. In skeletal muscle, HIIT also improves PPAR-alpha and glucose transporter-4 and reduces PPAR-gamma levels. The present findings reinforce the notion that HIIT is relevant as a non-pharmacological approach to control insulin resistance, glycaemia, and hepatic steatosis. In conclusion, HIIT leads to weight loss and can attenuate the adverse effects caused by chronic ingestion of a high-fat diet, despite a continuous intake of this diet, by improving the liver enzymes and the inflammatory profile.