Revisão taxonômica das espécies brasileiras de Funariaceae Schwagr. (Bryophyta)

Abstract

Funariaceae Schwägrichen is a cosmopolitan family of mosses which grow in diverse habitats, rarely one or two years and some species can be perennials. Have marked characteristic uniform gametophyte and a wide diversity in the architecture of the sporophyte. This study carried out a taxonomic revision of Funariaceae family in Brazil by analyzing the types of specimens, herbarium collections, nationally and internationally, and consults the literature on specific taxa. A listing of the reviewed and maintained Funariaceae occurring in Brazil, identification to genera and species, morphological descriptions, geographic distribution, conservation status, ecology, comments, relation the material examined, and illustrations appears. For Brazil were cited 51 binomials grouped into three genera: Entosthodon Schwagr. (11 binomials), Funaria Hedw. (20 binomials) and Physcomitrium (Brid.) Brid. (20 binomials). The genera are taxonomically distinct type of ornamentation of the spores, capsule shape, the shape of the cells exotécio, presence or absence of peristomium, length of the arrow of the shape of the annulus and calyptra.: After revision of names a new combination from Funaria ramulosa (Hampe) Paris was established. Entosthodon ramulosus (Hampe) M. S. Dias & D.F. Peralta. Ten new synonyms are established: Funaria luteolimbata Broth., F. obtuse-apiculata Müll. Hal. and F. ramulosa (Hampe) Paris as synonyms of Entosthodon ramulosus (Hampe) M.S Dias & D.F Peralta; Physcomitrium flavum (Müll. Hal.) Broth. as synonym of E. bonplandii (Hook.) Mitt.; Physcomitrium badium Broth. as synonymous of P. umbonatum Mitt.; P. lindmanii Broth., P. sylvestre Müll. Hal. and P. convolutaceum Müll. Hal. as synonyms of P. thieleanum Hampe. P. serrulatum Mitt., P. cupulare Müll Hal. and P. platyphylloides Paris as synonyms of P. subsphaericum Schimp. Entosthodon puiggarii Geh. & Hampe is the rightful name of the taxon Physcomitrium puiggarii Geh & Hampe and it was noted that Funaria capillipes (Müll. Hal. Former Broth.) Broth., is an invalid combination. Six taxa were excluded for not having of Funariaceae morphological diagnostic characters of the family and six species were not included in the taxonomic treatment for lack of information about them and were regarded as doubtful species. Therefore, are recognized for the 11 taxa in Brazil Funariaceae: Entosthodon four (E. bonplandii (Hook.) Mitt, E. obtusifolius Hook f in Hooker, E. puiggarii Geh & Hampe in Hampe & Geheeb, and E. ramulosus (Hampe) M.S. Dias & D. F. Peralta, two of Funaria (F. calvescens Schwagr. and F. hygrometrica Hedw) and five Physcomitrium (P. capillipes Müll Hal. ex Broth , P. falcifolium Müll.Hal. in Brotherus, P. umbonatum Mitt., P. subsphaericum Schimp. and P. thieleanum Hampe). Five taxa are endemic to Brazil: Entosthodon puiggarii, E. ramulosus, Physcomitrium capillipes, P. falcifolium, P. umbonatum and P. capillipes species is known only by the nomenclatural type. From the analysis of several original materials, is presented here a new reinterpretation of Funariaceae family of Brazil, with new sinonimizações, recognition of a new combination, and lectotypes