Efeitos da prática de judô sobre marcadores de risco cardiovascular em crianças de 8 a 13 anos de idade com sobrepeso e obesidade

Abstract

Physical exercise is essential in the prevention and treatment of obesity in pediatric populations. The objective of this Doctoral Dissertation was to evaluate the effect of judo practice upon cardiovascular risk and cardiorespiratory fitness in children and adolescents aged 8 to 13 years of age with overweight or obesity. Additionally, a systematic review was performed in the literature on the effects of isolate physical training (without diet or nutritional orientation) upon cardiometabolic risk and aerobic fitness in overweight or obese children and adolescents. This systematic review complied with the standards established by the PRISMA recommendations. The results showed that supervised physical training improved risk markers and cardiorespiratory fitness, regardless of the type of activity (traditional systematic or recreation/sports). The original study investigated the effects of recreational judo training (JT) upon body composition and distribution, cardiorespiratory fitness, and heart rate variability (HRV) of children with overweigth and obesity. The controlled clinical trial (RBR-9d94td; CAAE 56600516.0.0000.5259) included 35 children aged 8- to 13 years, assigned into groups according to their body mass index (BMI): eutrophic (EU; n=15; z-BMI < +l and > -2) and overweight/obese (OB; n=20; z-BMI > +1 and < +3). The 12-week JT included 60-min sessions performed 2 times/week at 65-75% maximal heart rate (HR), including basic fall-breaking, displacement, throwing, and grappling techniques. BMI, waist circumference, blood pressure and HRV were evaluated following standard procedures. Oxygen uptake at peak effort (VO2peak) and corresponding to the first ventilatory threshold (VT1) was assessed throughout treadmill exercise testing and body composition by dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry. Significant reductions in OB (P<0.05) occurred for whole body and trunk fat (~3%), trunk/limb fat-ratio (~4%), resting HR (~3%), and sympathovagal balance (log LF:HF, ~85%). Increases (P<0.05) occurred in lean mass (~8%), vagal modulation (log HF, ~4%), VO2peak (~5-10%), and VO2 (~15%), speed (~10%) and slope (~13%) at VT1. Values of all outcomes in OB approached EU after JT. In conclusion, a relatively short JT intervention was effective to improve body composition, autonomic modulation, and physical fitness in obese children, regardless of changes in body mass