O ambiente do atleta: um estudo sobre as variáveis intervenientes no desempenho

Abstract

Sports success has been interpreted through the performance of the athlete, for whom the necessary actions must be provided in order to achieve their goals. However, such a situation requires that sports organizations be proactive, provoking the necessary changes of the environment, through innovation strategies and instituting new practices that allow athletes to continuously achieve higher levels of performance. The question investigated in the present study was: What are the intervening variables, internationally recognized in the performance of the athlete, in the high performance sports system? The objective was to analyse the intervening variables in the performance of the athlete in the high performance sports system. The study consists of a systematic review of the scientific production focused on high performance sports, considering the quantitative and qualitative approaches. The factors that act directly and indirectly on the sporting outcome were observed as a phenomenon of interest for the study. Data collection was carried out in the databases Routledge, Science Direct, Scielo, Sage, Google Scholar and Capes Newspapers. For the search, the term Elite Sport System was used in conjunction with the proximity operator ("" - quotes), which limits the search to terms that are adjacent, that is, exactly as typed. The search was conducted in all fields, including the period between 1995 and 2015. The target population in the study covered the athletes, coaches and managers, directly involved with high-performance sports. We identified 36 articles for the evaluation in the present study, generating nine categories and 40 variables. Four major axes were observed in the grouping of these categories. The first was structuring, involving the categories of sports policy, financing and sports equipment. The second axis involved the categories related to sports development, grouping competition, media and culture, and talent. The third axis encompassed both sports intelligence, composed of sports science, and performance, encompassing the categories of coach and athlete. In this sense, sports science (17.89%), athlete (16.50%), sports policy (13.33%), media and culture, and technical (11.58% respectively) accounted for approximately 70% of the intervening variables in athlete performance. A complex scenario was observed, in which countries used sports success to express ideological positions and to exalt patriotism and nationalism with the population. However, support for this view was the sporting result, derived from the performance of the athlete, who needs to have at his disposal services and actions that make him evolve and deliver the desired performance. The analysis of the articles revealed that the multiple variables are inherent to the performance of high performance sports, regardless of the political orientation or the local economy. It is expected that management will become an effective activity in the athlete's environment, essentially through the presented thesis, which consisted of the nine categories presented that should potentiate the actions directed to the athlete in search of their result