Influência de um programa de exercícios de alongamento na postura corporal e no nível de dor em profissionais de Enfermagem

Abstract

Among nursing professionals (NP), there is a high incidence of musculoskeletal problems that trigger postural deviation and pain. Through a literature review, investigate the effect of muscle stretching exercises (MSE) for postural correction. After checking the reliability intra and inter the measurements obtained through a predominantly qualitative assessment tool with the shadow Moiré technique (SMT) and finally assess the effects of an MSE program in the back posture and pain in NP. A systematic review was previously registered on the basis of PROSPERO and described following the PRISMA recommendations. The reliability study aimed to measure the degree of intra and inter consistency of the postural evaluation of the back through the analysis of 15 topograms obtained NP, through the Kappa Cohen Concordance test. Finally, the third study, there was a controlled clinical trial with a sample of 28 NP, 7 men and 21 women, aged between 18 and 60 years, allocated randomly into experimental group (EG=15) and (CG=13). They were anthropometric measures, flexibility, lifestyle and professional data, level of pain and body trunk posture. The intervention consisted of MSE for 08 weeks; each session lasted 40min composed of static and active stretching. For each exercise, were held 4 30s voltage series for 30 seconds of rest between sets. Classes were offered three days per week and each volunteer should attend at least two. For comparisons between 2 groups was performed Student t test and above 02 groups, two-way ANOVA for repeated measures with post-hoc Tukey test. For the results of the body posture, the chi-square test was used (X2) and adopted the Phi coefficient to check the power of association. For all analyzes, the established statistical significance was set at p≤0.05. In the first study revealed no consensus in the literature on the effects of MSE for postural correction. In the second, in all analyzes were found good (0.61 to 0.80) and/or excellent (0.81 to 1) concordances. In the third, the EG, the MSE promoted: acute and chronic effects in reducing pain and hollows of the spine of the cervical and thoracic regions; chronic effects in the alignment of the cervical region and the curvature of the lumbar region; acute effects in reducing spinal deformity in the region of the shoulder blades. We conclude that: a) until this study, there was no consensus in the literature on the effects of MSE for postural correction; b) that the instrument for postural assessment used in this study proved to be reliable to analyze topogramas obtained with SMT and; c) the acute and chronic MSE promoted positive changes in body posture and the level of pain in NP