Imagens da qualidade de ensino: por uma sociologia dos estabelecidos e dos outsiders da educação

Abstract

The present work is an exploration in three directions. The first part of the doctorship thesis recovers the route followed by Educational Sociology in its tradition of studying educational inequality, both in national and international contexts. Also, it focus teaching quality as a prevalent issue in nowadays discussions about the inequality of educational opportunities. The second part explores the different pictures of high school quality in Brazil, taking as reference the existing literature on school-effect. The results of the ENEM Exame Nacional do Ensino Médio (High School National Exams) of the year 2005 were analyzed, pointing out the distribution of high quality High Schools in the city of Rio de Janeiro. The students perceptions of teaching quality were analyzed based on their answers given to the social-economical questions when participating of the ENEM during 2005. The high rate of positive evaluations of the High Schools quality by those students suggests different criteria of evaluation from those used by the ENEM. The hypothesis was held that the students evaluations were oriented by the ideas of social-economical inclusion, opportunity and educational access. To validate the hypothesis, the history of high school expansion in Brazil was recovered, highlighting the different conceptions of quality by the different social characters. The third part is an exploration of eight different schools in the city of Rio de Janeiro, both public and private, in which students achieved high performance in the ENEM of 2005, based on interviews with their best students . The goal is to observe the existing differences in the world of the best education available.