Energias da crítica: o conflito entre a Light e os moradores da Favela Santa Marta, Rio de Janeiro, em contexto de "pacificação"

Abstract

This PhD dissertation analyses the conflit between Light and residents of the Favela Santa Marta, located in Botafogo, Rio de Janeiro. The case recovery two justice senses: To the Light, a good of the market. It would allow dwellers of the favela be socially included paying the market price. On the other hand, the dweller's perceptions, it would be a good of citizenship whit they have always been excluded. Largely, favela s people recognize the commercial nature of the service, but still fighting for respect and recognition of their status as "city despoiled", seeking to negotiate with Light/State a "social bill" adjusted to their condition. Since 2011, the dwellers through the critical claim for state intervention in this particular market and public service and same quality offered to residents that live out of favela. It is a portrait stablished after the deployment of the first Pacifying Police Unit (UPP), in 2008. The focus of the research lies on the elements behind the scenes of public arenas in which the everyday life of favela inhabitants exposes not only the adjustment issues in the relationship between customers and energy company induced by the improvements of the electricity lines, as well as the dissatisfaction demonstrations about the high tariffs charged by Light, the company, after the changes on a "poor community" as said on the field. The study examines chronologically not only the critics formulated by the social actors, sometimes as accusations, sometimes as insinuations, but also draws on the accounts as an analytical variable to understand both sides. The results are made evident by an ethnography that took place between 2011 and 2014. The research also discusses on issues about the the triad composed of state, private enterprise and inhabitants of the FSM, all considered part of "low income" by government institutions. That became one of the main current issues of urban sociology and anthropology about "integration" policies and its ghosts: social "segregation" and favela stigma. The analysis is built mainly from the critics posed by FSM residents to interventions of electric power company in the favela and the responses and counter criticism of it.