Associação entre asma e alterações metabólicas em adolescentes brasileiros

Abstract

Obesity has been linked to asthma and metabolic syndrome (MS) in childhood and adolescence. The aim of this study was to evaluate association between asthma and metabolic abnormalities among Brazilian adolescents. It was a cross-sectional study of a national representative sample of school-based adolescents aged 12-17 years from The Study of Cardiovascular Risk in Adolescents (ERICA) stratified by region and conglomerate by schools. Participants answered a self-administered questionnaire including questions about asthma. Were analyzed sociodemographic factors; body mass index (BMI); waist circumference (WC); blood pressure (BP); glucose; total cholesterol (TC); low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL); high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL); triglycerides (TG); and MS. Bivariate analysis were performed between asthma and components of MS using chi-square test, prevalence ratio (PR) and 95% confidence intervals (95%CI), then significant associations were included in multivariate models adjusted by potential confounders. Were evaluated 37,410 participants with mean age of 14.6 years (50.1% female). Prevalence of current asthma (CA) and MS were 13.8% (95%CI:12.4-15.2) and 2.3% (95%CI:2.14-2.45) respectively. Severe asthma (SA) was associated with obesity (PR: 1.28; 95%CI: 1.02-1.62), increased WC (PR:1.74; 95%CI:1.16-2.61), hyperglycemia (PR:1.78; 95%CI:1.05-2.98) and e hyperinsulinemia (PR: 1.55; 95%CI:1.03-2.33). The association of SA with MS (PR: 2.43; 95%CI: 1.39-4.27), remained after adjustment for age, sex, current smoke and BMI (PR: 1.76; 95%CI: 1.07-2.88). SA was significantly associated with MS and its components in Brazilian adolescents. In order to establish causality between these two conditions, more research is needed, especially longitudinal studies.