Análise da hemoglobina glicada na expressão de risco cardiovascular e renal em população acompanhada na atenção primária

Abstract

Individuals with glycated hemoglobin (HbA1c) &#8805; 6.5% and normal levels of blood glucose are at increased risk of complications related to diabetes. This evidence led to the American Diabetes Association (ADA) to recommend HbA1c &#8805; 6.5% as a criterion for the diagnosis of diabetes. Racial / ethnic differences have been found regarding HbA1c levels. Elevated HbA1c levels in individuals without diabetes and with normal fasting glucose levels have been associated with microvascular and macrovascular complications, including changes in glomerular filtration. Inflammatory markers, in particular MCP -1 ( macrophage chemotactic protein -1), are involved in the glomerular lesions described in cases of diabetic nephropathy mechanism However, this test has not been widely incorporated as a routine examination in primary care in Brazil. The objective os this study was to describe and analyse the association between changes in HbA1c and blood glucose, racial / ethnic factors and cardiovascular and renal risk in adults in adults assisted by the Family Doctor Program of Niteroi, with no previous medical diagnosis of diabetes. It is a cross sectional study, with information of CAMELIA Study´s participants. Data was collected from July 2006 to December 2007. It was noted that the cardiovascular risk profile was more pronounced in individuals with concurrent changes in blood glucose and HbA1c. The cardiovascular risk of individuals with high levels of glycemia and normal HbA1c was greater than the risk of individuals with HbA1c&#8805;6,5% alone. Individuals with HbA1c &#8805; 6.5%, mostly women and black skin persons, had higher LDL and creatinine levels. Independent association between changes in HbA1c ( &#8805; 5.7 and < 6.5% versus < 5.7 % ) and decreased estimated glomerular filtration rate . HbA1c showed to be a subclinical marker of metabolic disorders in diabetic patients and not with fasting glucose < 126 mg / dL, especially in the population of women and individuals with black skin color. HbA1c showed to be a subclinical marker of metabolic disorders in diabetic patients and not with fasting glucose < 126 mg / dL , especially in the population of women and individuals with black skin color. The results point to the possibility of using HbA1c as a marker of cardiovascular and renal risk aiming to propose strategies for early intervention and thus promote the prevention of diseases and conditions related changes in glucose metabolism.