Avaliação da função pulmonar em indivíduos obesos ou com sobrepeso e síndrome metabólica antes, três e seis meses após a colocação de balão intragástrico

Abstract

This work aimed to evaluate if the use of intragastric balloon (IB) for a period of six months in obese patients or overweight and metabolic syndrome (MS) brings improvement in the parameters of pulmonary function, body fat distribution and MS. This is a longitudinal and interventional study with adults who underwent anthropometric measurements, serum biochemistry, pulmonary function parameters and the pattern of distribution of body fat before the IB installation, during follow-up of six months and after their withdrawal. In data obtained three months after the placing of BI we observed a statistically significant positive correlation between the capacity of diffusion and the percentage of whole-body fat mass (rs=0.39; p=0.05), gynoid fat mass (rs=0.41; p=0.05), and trunk fat mass (rs=0.42; p=0.01). It was also noted that, after three months of placement of BI, there was a significant reduction in the body mass index (BMI) (p=0.0001) and the maximal inspiratory pressure (p=0.009). We also observed a significant increase in the forced vital capacity (FVC) (p=0.0001), total lung capacity (TLC) (p=0.001), and expiratory reserve volume (ERV) (p=0.0001). At the end of the study it was observed that the TLC (p=0.0001), functional residual capacity (FRC) (p=0.0001), residual volume (p=0.0005), and ERV (p=0.0001) were significantly increased by IB. The BMI significantly decreased from a median of 39.1 kg/m2 at the beginning of the study to 34.5 kg/m2 at the end of the six-month period (p=0.0001). At this time, 31 participants (77.5%) no longer met the diagnostic criteria of MS. The parameters of body fat distribution also exhibited remarkable changes. The percentage of fat in all four investigated patterns of distribution (truncal, android, gynoid, and total) exhibited significant reductions (p=0.0001). Significant correlations were found between delta TLC and delta abdominal circumference (ρ=-0.34; p=0.03), delta FRC and delta BMI (ρ=-0.39; p=0.01), delta ERV and delta BMI (ρ=-0.44; p=0.005), and delta ERV and delta high-density lipoprotein (HDL) (ρ=-0.37; p=0.02). Significant correlations were also found between delta ERV and delta truncal (ρ=-0.51; p=0.004), android (ρ=-0.46; p=0.01), gynoid (ρ=-0.55; p=0.001), and total fat (ρ=-0.59; p=0.0005).