Epidemiologia das infecções causadas por Staphylococcus aureus resistente a meticilina com perfil comunitário (CA-MRSA) em pacientes atendidos em um hospital terciário no Rio de Janeiro

Abstract

The methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) was described initially like a health-care associated pathogen. However, an MRSA clone called community-adquired S. aureus emerged with success in the community and now has a worring increasing frequency in hospital settings. The aim of this study was to descript issues related to the epidemiology of infections due tu CA-MRSA isolates at the Pedro Ernesto Universitary Hospital (HUPE/UERJ) in Rio de Janeiro, Brazil from february 2005 to june 2011, analyzing risk factors related to these infections. Thus, using databases of the microbiology laboratory, pharmacia department and the infection control committee of the HUPE-UERJ, was realized an restrospective study of S. aureus isolates obtained from infected/colonizated patients hospitalized from February 2005 to July 2011. To evaluate risk factors related to CA-MRSA infections was conduced a case-control study, using patients with true infections due to MRSA like cases and patients with methicillin susceptible S. aureus (MSSA) like controls. To test the antimicrobial susceptibility of the antibiotics used in MRSA severe infections (Vancomycin, teicoplanin, daptomycin and linezolid), were determinated the minimal inhibitory concentration (MIC) of MRSA isolates using differents methods (disk-difusion test, microdilution in broth and E-test® strips). The trend analyses of the MRSA types, using a phenotypic criteria to classificate the MRSA isolates, found a decrease in the infections due to multi-resistant MRSA isolates (HA-MRSA) in our hospital (p<0.05). Also was observed and increase in non-multi-resistant MRSA strains (CA-MRSA), but without reach statistic significancy (p = 0.06), similar to MSSA (p = 0.48). There is not association between the MRSA phenotype and the mortality due to S. aureus infection. In the multivariate analysis, were observed that an older age than 70 years (OR: 2.46, IC95%: 0.99 - 6.11), health-care pneumonia (OR: 4.94, IC95%: 1.65 -14.8), chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (OR: 6.09, IC95% 1.16 31.98) and leucaemia (OR: 8.2, IC95%: 1.25 54.7) were risk factors associated with mortality due to S. aureus infections. The Kaplan-Meier analysis, found a trend to high mortality due to MSSA infections in the first week, but without get statistic significancy (p = 0.07). We don´t found any MRSA isolated with resistance or intermediary resistance to vancomycin, linezolid, daptomycin or teicoplanin. There is good correlation between both MICs determinations, with broth microdiluiton and E-Test® strips metodhology. It´s were concluded that the dynamic of the S. aureus infections at the HUPE/UERJ is changing, with less number of infectious episodes due to multi-resistant MRSA isolates. Moreover, there are an increasing number of infections due to non-multi-resistant MRSA isolate. The prevalence of infections due to MSSA don´t have change in the time of period study. The kind of the S. aureus phenotype don´t has association with all-causes-mortality