Estudo da efetividade e segurança de um novo esquema posológico da solução saturada de iodeto de potássio no tratamento da esporotricose linfocutânea e cutânea fixa

Abstract

Background: The first therapeutic choice for the treatment of cutaneous sporotrichosis is oral itraconazole; however, the increase in cases of zoonotic transmission outbreak necessitates a search for effective and safe treatment alternatives. Objective: To evaluate a new posology using low doses of potassium iodide (KI) for limited cutaneous forms of sporotrichosis. Methods: One hundred and two patients with sporotrichosis diagnosed by isolation of Sporothrix sp. were included and were divided into two groups that received different doses of KI: group A received the previous dose (media 4,83g/day) and group B the reduced dose (media 2,52g/day). The cure criteria was based on clinical and serological data. Results: Seventy-nine patients (77.4 %) reached clinical cure: 70.6% and 84.3 % of groups A and B, respectively. Sixteen patients (15.6 %) were lost to follow up and seven changed drug therapy: five in group A and two in group B. The incidence of adverse events was the same for both groups (64.7%): predominantly metallic taste (44 %), followed by mild gastrointestinal intolerance and acneiform eruption (10.7% each). No serious adverse events occurred, and there were no recurrences. Analysis of the results showed no statistically significant difference between groups (p = 0.9255). The improvement in serologic titres was significant in both treatment groups. Conclusion: Potassium iodide, as a saturated solution, prescribed in reduced dose and frequency, can be used as an effective and safe alternative for the treatment of cutaneous sporotrichosis. Through statistical analysis, the usual posology was not shown to be superior to the one proposed in this study. Serology for sporotrichosis may be used as a valuable tool in the clinical monitoring of these patients.