Estudo da deglutição em pacientes traqueostomizados submetidos à ventilação mecânica invasiva: análise do desempenho orofaríngeo em pacientes em processo de interrupção da ventilação mecânica

Abstract

Objective: To analyze the performance of swallowing in tracheostomy individuals in the weaning stage, the impact of ventilation mode in swallowing, the frequency of aspiration and the predictive ability of aspiration pulse oximetry. Methods: sample composed of 30 individuals undergoing prolonged mechanical ventilation in the Intensive Care Unit of the Pedro Ernesto University Hospital, divided into 2 groups: 16 in the group 1 (Part T) and 14 in group 2 (PSV) underwent clinical evaluation morphostructural and functional swallowing by institutional protocols and pulse oximetry. Results: prolonged mechanical ventilation associated with advanced age was considered significant factor for independent aspiration tested consistency. The ventilation mode not associated with higher incidence of dysphagia and aspiration (p = 0, 261). Pulse oximetry showed no relationship between aspiration and drop in oxygen saturation (p = 0.073). Ineffective cough was shown as a significant clinical data for analysis of the risk of aspiration (p = 0.022). The voice quality is not configured as a statistically significant finding (p = 0, 103). Conclusions: dysphagia demonstrated significantly prevalent. The prolonged mechanical ventilation in elderly subjects demonstrated impact on swallowing, causing damages to oral ena pharyngeal phase with reduction of protective mechanisms of the airways, resulting in aspiration mainly liquid.