Prevalência e fatores associados ao envelhecimento bem-sucedido: Estudo FIBRA-RJ

Abstract

There is a large multiplicity and inconsistency of successful aging concepts in the literature, although there is a current tendency to approach it in a multidimensional way, including biomedical and psychosocial criteria. The biomedical dimension is based on the variability of biophysiological parameters related to aging among individuals, and emphasizes physical and cognitive health. The study of this dimension consists of an attempt to measure health expectancy in contrast to life expectancy. The objective of this cross-sectional study was to evaluate the prevalence of this dimension through components of the Rowe and Kahn criteria, as well as the factors associated with it, in a population of elderly, clients of a health care provider, living in the northern part of the city of Rio de Janeiro, Brazil. 845 individuals were evaluated for the presence of good physical and cognitive performance criteria, good health conditions and absence of disabilities, as well as socio-demographic variables, clinical, behavioral and psychosocial variables. Those individuals who presented the four criteria concomitantly were classified as successful. The results indicate that the prevalence of successful aging was 25% and the associated factors were absence (OR = 10.5, 95% CI, 5.2-21.1) or less than 2 physical morbidities (OR = 3 , 5; 95% CI 2.1-5.9); BMI in the overweight range (OR = 1.8, 95% CI 1.02-3.3), absence of depression (OR = 2.1, 95% CI 1.07 = 4.1), high activity levels (OR = 1.88, 95% CI 1.14-3.2) and social participation (OR = 2.07 CI 95% 1.16-3.4), as well as younger age (65-74 years of age) , OR = 4.27, 95% CI 1.79-10.1, 75-84 years, OR = 2.7, 95% CI 6.41). The results of this study showed a low proportion of successful agers, similar to that found in other studies conducted in high and middle income countries. The association of SA with modifiable factors verified in this study points to a great opportunity to implement effective interventions to promote healthy aging. It is possible that active action on these factors, both from an individual and a collective point of view, contribute to reaching an aging population, but with high levels of functionality, and less dependent on their families and the health system.