Design: o ensino de desenho através de método híbrido para desenvolver habilidades na representação gráfica

Abstract

The idea for covering the present subject arose with the observation of a problem faced by professors of courses in Design and Architecture that use the fundaments of Geometry in the graphic expression of ideas in projects and products. They realized that a great part of the students reach the upper levels of education without a solid basis on how to apply these fundaments to drawing. One of the reasons for this situation is the loss of importance suffered by the disciplines of Drawing, which had its presence reduced from the curriculum for middle and high school education through educational laws that were approved since the decade of 1970. Another important reason is the impact of new technologies in the teaching of these disciplines, which, although they allowed the simpli-fied execution of complex operations, they discourage students from using instrumental methods. Considering these factors, it is necessary to seek new strategies and tech-niques for teaching Design and Project. This thesis will explore possible causes to the problem, presenting: a panorama of Geometry´s fundamentals, focusing on its im-portance for academia and in the professional practice; a synthesis on the evolution of teaching Geometry in Brazil; and the techniques used by the original peoples, which im-plemented empiric geometry in its crafts, painting, tattoos, weavings and architecture. This study, inspired by Ethnogeometry and by the geometric concepts examined, culmi-nates in this thesis contribution to the teaching of Drawing, with the presentation and detailing of a proposition of a course that uses a hybrid methodology that combines teach-ing strategies that apply the fundamentals of Geometry with analogic and digital re-sources. To test this proposal the course of Tecnogeometry was made as an experiment within Project of Scientifc Scholarshp for Studeents.This project had exercises using both instrumental and digital tools in the development of products inspired by ethnogeometry. Through this experiment the students were able to learn and revise the fundamentals of Drawing which are essential to designers, (be they industrial designers, architects, interior designers, etc.), and also to train the use of several resources that put into practice the contents of the course, including the aspects of the material culture of the original peo-ples. The study allowed the conclusion that it is not tolerable to abandon the teaching of the fundamentals in Geometry, whilst also presenting examples of the contributions made by different cultures, weaving the empirical knowledge with the academic in order to make professional better prepared to solve problems, to think of more detailed and creative solutions that have better quality and are more efficient.