De Debret a Marc Ferrez: a política higiênica e os lugares e formas de convivência da família brasileira

Abstract

From the Joanino period - painted in the watercolors of Jean-Baptiste Debret - up the advent of Rio's Belle Époque - portrayed in the photographs of Marc Ferrez - urban transformations are seen that had repercussions in places and ways of living of the Brazilian family. Provided by the introduction of the Enlightment idea of the city, such mutations occurred in both the privacy of domestic home, where the colonial house has been reconfigured in favor of good welcoming, as well as on personal relations in the community setting, through urban policies aimed at the readjustment of public space. The reorganization of the traditional roles that were once performed by each of the the household members was the harbinger of defragmentation of patriarchal absolutism. After all, urban Enlightenment, when inserts into Brazilian society one new sense of social advancement through continuous establishment of community ties, has determined that family habits should follow civility standards based on hygienic discourse of hygienist medicine. It is possible, thus, the appreciation of the intimate interaction between parents and children, with the interests of the first group for the physical and emotional development of later, educating them in a more individualized way, and leading them, consequently, to gain greater awareness of their own individualities. Therefore, this study aims to analyze the intervention of hyginiestic speech perpetrated by the government along said period and how the hygienist medicine influenced the urban habits of the Brazilian family.