Inovação Urbana como Fator Deflagrador: rumo às Cidades Inteligentes

Abstract

The present study analyses the structure of the city's availability for the construction of an intelligent city. The work is presented in three parts: (i) Urban Innovation and the idea of "human city"; (ii) Public Policies to Promote Innovation; and the Financing of Urban Innovation. In the first part, the concepts related to the theme are presented, inspired by the ideas of Joseph Schumpeter. Then there are analyses of other thinkers who approached the innovation theme, among them Milton Santos. The highlights of technology and what is conventionally called "intelligent citizenship for urban innovation" are presented, which are the application of innovative principles focusing on the environment and society in search of not only economic growth, but, together with this, a good quality of life, aiming at increasing our human development. The second part is focused on an analysis of the public policies that direct the activities of the public sector in general, as well as specific ones for the public management and the promotion of innovation. It presents a history of public policies, including their transformation from a linear model of innovation to a model that reaches different actors in the follow-up of their execution, that is, a systemic and complex models. The fundamental role of democratic participation is analysed through the local councils, in the elaboration of public policies and their social control. The role of the National Development Bank, that finances studies and projects, is also highlighted in this section. Lastly, in the third part of the last chapter, the following are highlighted: the role of the State in fostering innovation, when the risks are higher and private lenders dwindle; public interest versus private interest in financing innovation; and the financing of new products or new services in the transformation of good ideas into innovation, in order to achieve environmental, social or economic benefits. We present the ways in which financing can be obtained, from the conception of an innovation project through to its complete maturation with a view to be publicly held.